The east coast of the Yucatan peninsula, now the state of Quintana Roo, was the first area to be missionized by the Franciscans in the mid 1500s. Primitive chapels were established in the numerous Maya trading settlements along the coast, from Ecab to Chetumal and beyond.
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| The "Costa Maya" |
However some traces of the missions remain, which indicate how the innovative T-shaped "open air" church first developed along this coast and was later adopted and expanded across the entire peninsula during the colonial period. Here we look at two such remnant early visitas, Xcaret and Tankah.
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| Xcaret, site plan. Group G= mission location |
Xcaret
Located south of Cancún, this major Maya settlement on the east coast of Yucatan, formerly known as Polé, was a flourishing trading hub and embarkation point for Cozumel island in ancient times.
After the Spanish conquest, this role was eclipsed although there were enough Maya residents there to justify the building of a modest Franciscan mission some time in the mid to early 1500s. The settlement and its mission were probably abandoned late in the century.
The now razed mission, at one time a dependency of Ecab, was the only colonial structure located among a large number of scattered Maya ruins.
A primitive chapel may have been founded here as early as 1528, even before the Spanish conquest of Yucatan was complete, and probably continued to be expanded and in use as late as 1580.
A primitive chapel may have been founded here as early as 1528, even before the Spanish conquest of Yucatan was complete, and probably continued to be expanded and in use as late as 1580.
The mission was a substantial one, set within a rectangular, walled precinct or atrium. The church building was a fairly standard early open ramada chapel, but with some atypical features:
- First, the arched sanctuary was rounded at the east end like a traditional Maya hut rather than squared off.
- Second, the stone sanctuary seemingly lacked the adjacent rooms—sacristy and friar's cell—that usually formed the classic T- shape building.
- Third, despite this omission and its early abandonment, a substantial masonry nave was also erected, featuring low walls with lateral openings and a west entry. The entire church appears to have been covered by a steeply pitched thatched roof.
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| Tankah, mission plan with atrium |
Tankah
Located between Xelhá and Tulum but now also lost to development, traces of the mission at the neighboring Maya site of Tankah, survived into the 1960s, allowing for some idea of the plan.
A simple, flared masonry chapel, probably arched, opened into a covered ramada, possibly with stone foundations or low nave wall, that narrowed towards the opposite end.
A simple, flared masonry chapel, probably arched, opened into a covered ramada, possibly with stone foundations or low nave wall, that narrowed towards the opposite end.
Foundations were also traced of a trapezoidal atrium wall enclosing the mission, possibly of a defensive nature.
text © 2012 Richard D. Perry Maps by Tony Andrews. Drawing by Ann & Gordon Ketterer
Information based on A Preliminary Study of the Ruins of Xcaret, Quintana Roo
by E Wyllys Andrews IV and Anthony P. Andrews MARI 1975
For more on the history and art of the Yucatan missions, consult our published guides.
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